Latest Jul-2026 Lpi 010-160 Dumps Updated 80 Questions
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As a result, the issuance of the Linux Essentials certificate after successful completion of this exam is proof that you have understood:
- Concepts of Linux hardware, processes, as well as key components of this operating system;
- Linux OS, licenses as well as community lines;
- User groups, security systems, as well as file permissions for both private and public data directories;
- In-depth knowledge of open-source in the workplace as well as their relation with various closed source applications.
The Linux Essentials Certificate Exam, version 1.6, is an industry-standard certification that is recognized by employers worldwide. Linux Essentials Certificate Exam - version 1.6 certification validates an individual's understanding of Linux and their ability to work with Linux systems. The Lpi 010-160 certification exam is an excellent starting point for individuals who want to pursue a career in IT as it provides a solid foundation in Linux.
NEW QUESTION # 12
Which of the following commands puts the lines of the file data.csv into alphabetical order?
- A. abc data.csv
- B. wc -s data.csv
- C. grep --sort data.csv
- D. sort data.csv
- E. a..z data.csv
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The sort command is used to sort the lines of a file or a stream of input according to a specified criterion, such as alphabetical order, numerical order, reverse order, etc. By default, the sort command sorts the lines in ascending alphabetical order, using the firstcharacter of each line as the key. For example, the command sort data.csv will sort the lines of the file data.csv in alphabetical order and display the output on the screen. If you want to save the sorted output to a new file, you can use the redirection operator (>) to specify the output file name. For example, the command sort data.csv > sorted_data.csv will sort the lines of the file data.csv in alphabetical order and save the output to a new file named sorted_data.csv. The other commands are either invalid or do not perform the sorting operation. The a...z command does not exist, the abc command is a text editor, the wc command counts the number of words, lines, and bytes in a file, and the grep command searches for a pattern in a file or a stream of input. Therefore, the correct answer is B. References:
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 2.3.2
* LPI Linux Essentials Study Guide: Exam 010 v1.6, 3rd Edition, chapter 4, page 95.
NEW QUESTION # 13
The current directory contains the following file:
-rw-r-r- 1 root exec 24551 Apr 2 12:36 test.sh
The file contains a valid shell script, but executing this file using ./test.sh leads to this error:
bash: ./test.sh: Permission denied
What should be done in order to successfully execute the script?
- A. The file's extension should be changed from .sh to .bin.
- B. The user executing the script should be added to the exec group.
- C. The script should be run using #!./test. sh instead of ./test.sh.
- D. The execute bit should be set in the file's permissions.
- E. The SetUID bit should be set in the file's permissions
Answer: D
Explanation:
The execute bit in Linux is a permission bit that allows the user to run an executable file or enter a directory. For regular files, such as scripts or binaries, the execute bit must be set for the user to run them. For directories, the execute bit allows the user to access the files and subdirectories inside. Therefore, to successfully execute the script test.sh, the execute bit should be set in the file's permissions. This can be done by using the chmod command with the +x option, for example: chmod +x test.sh. The other options are either irrelevant or incorrect. The file's extension does not affect its executability, only its association with a program. The user executing the script does not need to be in the exec group, as long as the user has the execute permission on the file. The SetUID bit is a special permission bit that allows the user to run the file as the file's owner, regardless of the user's identity. This is not necessary for executing the script, and may pose a security risk. The #!./test.sh syntax is invalid, as the #! is used to specify the interpreter for the script, not the script itself. Reference:
Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives1, Topic 1.4: Command Line Basics, Subtopic: Basic Shell Commands Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Preparation Guide2, Section 1.4: Command Line Basics, Page 16 Execute vs Read bit. How do directory permissions in Linux work?3
NEW QUESTION # 14
What is the UID of the user root?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 15
What is the purpose of the PATH environment variable?
- A. It specifies the location of a user's home directory.
- B. It contains the absolute path to the current directory.
- C. It indicates the location of the default shell to be used when a user logs in.
- D. It allows the execution of commands without the need to know the location of the executable.
- E. It increases security by preventing commands from running in certain locations.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 16
Which of the following directories contains information, documentation and example configuration files for installed software packages?
- A. /usr/share/doc/
- B. /doc/
- C. /etc/defaults/
- D. /usr/examples/
- E. /var/info/
Answer: A
Explanation:
The /usr/share/doc/ directory is the standard location for documentation files for installed software packages on Linux systems12. It contains subdirectories for each package, which may include README files, manuals, license information, changelogs, examples, and other useful resources12. The /usr/share/doc/ directory is part of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), which defines the structure and layout of files and directories on Linux and other Unix-like operating systems3.
The other options are incorrect because:
/etc/defaults/ is a directory that contains settings for userland applications or services/daemons4.
/var/info/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The /var/ directory is used for variable data files, such as logs, caches, spools, and temporary files3.
/doc/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The / directory is the root of the filesystem hierarchy and contains essential files and directories for booting, restoring, recovering, and/or repairing the system3.
/usr/examples/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The /usr/ directory is used for shareable, read-only data, such as binaries, libraries, documentation, and source code3.
Reference:
Linux configuration: Understanding *.d directories in /etc | Enable Sysadmin Configuration Files in Linux | Baeldung on Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard - Wikipedia Which of the Following Directories Contains Information, Documentation ...
NEW QUESTION # 17
Which command adds the new usertuxand creates the user's home directory with default configuration files?
- A. passwd -a tux
- B. defaultuser tux
- C. useradd -o default tux
- D. usercreate tux
- E. useradd -m tux
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 18
Which package management tool is used in Red Hat-based Linux Systems?
- A. dpkg
- B. apt-get
- C. packagectl
- D. portage
- E. rpm
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
RPM stands for RPM Package Manager (formerly known as Red Hat Package Manager), which is a powerful, command-line package management tool developed for the Red Hat operating system. It is now used as a core component in many Linux distributions such as CentOS, Fedora, Oracle Linux, openSUSE and Mageia1. RPM can install, uninstall,and query individual software packages, but it cannot manage dependency resolution like YUM2. YUM is another package management tool that is based on RPM and can handle dependencies automatically. YUM is the primary package management tool for installing, updating, removing, and managing software packages in Red Hat Enterprise Linux2. Therefore, the correct answer is B. rpm, as it is the underlying package management tool used in Red Hat-based Linux systems. References:
* Linux package management with YUM and RPM | Enable Sysadmin
* Chapter 13. Package Management Tool Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 | Red Hat Customer Portal
* Difference Between YUM and RPM | 2DayGeek
NEW QUESTION # 19
Which package management tool is used in Red Hat-based Linux Systems?
- A. dpkg
- B. apt-get
- C. packagectl
- D. portage
- E. rpm
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 20
Which of the following commands creates the ZIP archive poems.zip containing all files in the current directory whose names end in .txt?
- A. zcat *.txt poems.zip
- B. zip *.txt > poems.zip
- C. cat *.txt | zip poems.zip
- D. zip poems.zip *.txt
- E. zip cfz poems.zip *.txt
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following programs is a graphical editor for vector graphics?
- A. Inkscape
- B. Samba
- C. MySQL
- D. NGINX
- E. Python
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A vector graphics editor is a software program that allows users to create and edit vector graphics, which are images composed of mathematical curves and shapes. Vector graphics are scalable, meaning they can be resized without losing quality or clarity. Python, NGINX, Samba, and MySQL are not vector graphics editors, but rather other types of software. Python is a programming language, NGINX is a web server, Samba is a file and print server, and MySQL is a database management system. Inkscape is a free and open source vector graphics editor that supports the SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) format, as well as other formats. Inkscape can be used to create logos, icons, diagrams, illustrations, and other graphics. Inkscape is one of the applications covered in the Linux Essentials certification program from the Linux Professional Institute (LPI).
References:
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
* Draw Freely | Inkscape
NEW QUESTION # 22
Which of the following commands adds thedirectory/new/dir/to thePATHenvironment variable?
- A. export PATH=/new/dir: $PATH
- B. $PATH=/new/dir: $PATH
- C. PATH=/new/dir: PATH
- D. export $PATH=/new/dir: $PATH
- E. export PATH=/new/dir: PATH
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 23
Most commands on Linux can display information on their usage. How can this information typically be displayed?
- A. By running the command with the option ?!or ?=!.
- B. By running the command with the option /docor /documentation.
- C. By running the command with the option -hor --help.
- D. By running the command with the option -mor --manpage.
- E. By running the command with the option /?or /??.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
NEW QUESTION # 24
What parameter of ls prints a recursive listing of a directory's content? (Specify ONLY the option name without any values or parameters.)
Answer:
Explanation:
ls -R Explanation The -R parameter of the ls command prints a recursive listing of a directory's content, meaning that it will list not only the files and directories in the current directory, but also the files and directories in all the subdirectories12. For example, if you have a directory structure like this:
/home/user/dir1file1file2dir2file3file4
You can use the command ls -R /home/user/ to list all the files and directories recursively, and the output will look like this:
/home/user/: dir1 dir2
/home/user/dir1: file1 file2
/home/user/dir2: file3 file4
The -R parameter is also known as the --recursive option, which is the long form of the same parameter12.
You can use either -R or --recursive to achieve the same result.
References:
* Use ls Command Recursively - Linux Handbook
* How to List Files Recursively in Linux command line
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following commands shows the absolute path to the current working directory?
- A. cd ..
- B. cd ~/home
- C. who
- D. pwd
- E. ls -l
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 26
What can be found in the /proc/ directory?
- A. One log file per running service.
- B. One file per existing user account.
- C. One directory per running process.
- D. One device file per hardware device.
- E. One directory per installed program.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The /proc/ directory is a virtual file system that contains information about the system and the processes running on it. It is not a conventional file system that stores files on a disk, but rather a dynamic view of the kernel's data structures. One of the features of the /proc/ directory is that it contains one subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after the process ID (PID). For example, the subdirectory /proc/1/ contains information about the process with PID 1, which is usually the init process. The process subdirectories contain various files that provide information about the process, such as its status, memory usage, open files, environment variables, command line arguments, and more. The /proc/ directory also contains a symbolic link called 'self', which points to the process that is accessing the /proc/ file system. Therefore, the correct answer is D. One directory per running process.
The other options are incorrect because:
A . One directory per installed program. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain information about installed programs, but only about running processes. Installed programs are usually stored in other directories, such as /bin/, /usr/bin/, /opt/, etc.
B . One device file per hardware device. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain device files, but only virtual files that represent kernel data. Device files are usually stored in the /dev/ directory, which is another special file system that provides access to hardware devices.
C . One file per existing user account. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain information about user accounts, but only about processes. User accounts are usually stored in the /etc/ directory, which contains configuration files, such as /etc/passwd/ and /etc/shadow/, that define the users and their passwords.
E . One log file per running service. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain log files, but only information files. Log files are usually stored in the /var/log/ directory, which contains various files that record the activities of the system and the services.
Reference:
The /proc Filesystem - The Linux Kernel documentation
A Beginner's Guide to the /proc File System in Linux - Tecmint
Appendix E. The proc File System Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 | Red Hat ...
Chapter 5. The proc File System Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 | Red Hat ...
proc file system in Linux - GeeksforGeeks
NEW QUESTION # 27
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